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However, in the 21st century, many - especially those used in emergency departments and doctor's offices - are now made of plastic, and are disposable, single-use items. They were formerly made of stainless steel and sterilized after use. Specula have been made of glass or metal. As a result of this demographic shift, the procedures around speculum use have also changed. The 19 editions of a multi-volume gynecology text for nurses required that nurses remain present during examination to protect both the patient and physician from “blackmail by designing persons." Often, nurses played a major role in ensuring the proper use of the speculum during medical exams. These concerns continued into the early 20th century as the speculum became commonplace in gynecology practices. As late as 1910, physicians believed the vaginal speculum to be inferior to the “educated touch.”
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Many practitioners had moral concerns about the use of the speculum, and preferred to diagnose through palpating the abdomen. Use of the speculum was generally avoided in medical practices, and most vaginal conditions were diagnosed through symptoms or palpating the abdomen. In the 19th century, the vaginal speculum became a cultural symbol of the tenuous relationship between women and their physicians. In Great Britain, examinations of the cervix were made mandatory for all women convicted of prostitution by the country’s Contagious Disease Act. These experiments, and the development of the modern specula, led some to regard Sims as the "father of modern gynaecology." īy the 1860s, speculums were integrated into criminal justice practices in the UK. In these experiments, Sims developed a technique to repair fistula and in the process invented the duckbill speculum. Between 18, Sims performed dozens of surgeries, without anesthesia, on at least 12 enslaved women.
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Marion Sims, a plantation doctor in Lancaster County, South Carolina. The modern vaginal speculum was developed by J. This speculum is inserted into the vagina to dilate it for examination of the vagina and cervix. Marion Sims, consists of a hollow cylinder with a rounded end that is divided into two hinged parts, somewhat like the beak of a duck. Vaginal and anal specula were used by the ancient Greeks and Romans, and speculum artifacts have been found in Pompeii.